Hammertoes
A hammertoe is a deformity that causes one or more toes to bend abnormally. Catching it early makes treatment simpler and helps prevent it from becoming permanent.
Request an AppointmentA hammertoe is a deformity in which one or both joints of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toes begin to bend outside of their normal alignment. As pressure builds on the toes, especially from wearing shoes, pain and other symptoms begin to develop.
How Hammertoes Progress
Hammertoes typically begin with small symptoms and mild deformities that worsen over time. In the early stages, hammertoes are often “flexible,” meaning the toe can still be moved into a normal position, which allows them to be managed with minimal, non-surgical treatment. If left untreated, hammertoes can become “rigid” and more difficult to manipulate, sometimes requiring surgery to correct.
Common Symptoms
Signs of a developing hammertoe include:
- A toe that bends downward at the middle joint
- Pain or discomfort when wearing shoes
- Corns or calluses on top of the affected toe
- Difficulty moving or straightening the toe
Treatment Options
Because early intervention offers the most options, we recommend having a hammertoe evaluated as soon as you notice changes. Conservative treatments may include:
- Wider, roomier footwear
- Custom orthotics to improve foot mechanics
- Toe splints or padding to relieve pressure
- Stretching exercises to maintain flexibility
If the toe has become rigid and conservative care isn’t providing relief, surgical correction may be recommended to restore proper alignment.
Preventing Hammertoes
Wearing properly fitted shoes with enough room in the toe box, avoiding high heels for extended periods, and addressing foot pain early can help reduce your risk. Hammertoes can sometimes occur alongside bunions or contribute to broader foot and ankle discomfort.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can a hammertoe be fixed without surgery?
In the early, flexible stage, hammertoes often respond well to conservative treatment such as padding, splints, and roomier footwear.
What happens if a hammertoe is left untreated?
Over time, the toe can become rigid and more difficult to correct without surgery, so earlier evaluation typically offers more treatment options.
Are hammertoes hereditary?
Foot structure that contributes to hammertoes can run in families, though footwear and other factors also play a role.
Can custom orthotics help with hammertoes?
Yes, custom orthotics can help improve foot mechanics and reduce pressure that contributes to hammertoe development.
What shoes should I avoid with a hammertoe?
Narrow or tight-toed shoes, including many high heels, can worsen hammertoe symptoms and should generally be avoided.
Is hammertoe surgery a major procedure?
Hammertoe surgery is typically an outpatient procedure, though recovery time can vary depending on the extent of correction needed.
When should I see a podiatrist about a hammertoe?
If you notice a toe bending abnormally or developing corns or calluses, it’s best to be evaluated while treatment options are still flexible.
